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ENJOY LEARNING WITH #HAYDERTECHNOLOGYThis is a complete series explaining all the things about MicroC PRO for PIC Microcontroller. Starting from downloadi. PIC 16F877A is the one of the most popular PIC Microcontroller. MikroC Pro is the best compiler for beginners in the field of microcontrollers. MikroC PRO for PIC. 3.9 on 190 votes. MikroC PRO for PIC is a full-featured ANSI C compiler for PIC devices from Microchip.

UART Library

The UART hardware module is available with a number of PIC compliant MCUs. The mikroC PRO for PIC UART Library provides comfortable work with the Asynchronous (full duplex) mode.

You can easily communicate with other devices via RS-232 protocol (for example with PC, see the figure at the end of the topic – RS-232 HW connection). You need a PIC MCU with hardware integrated UART, for example 16F887. Then, simply use the functions listed below.

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  • UART library routines require you to specify the module you want to use. To select the desired UART module, simply change the letter x in the routine prototype for a number from 1 to 2.
  • Switching between the UART modules in the UART library is done by the UART_Set_Active function (UART modules have to be previously initialized).
  • Number of UART modules per MCU differs from chip to chip. Please, read the appropriate datasheet before utilizing this library.

Library Routines

Generic Routines

UARTx_Init

Prototype

void UARTx_Init(constunsigned long baud_rate);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Initializes desired hardware UART module with the desired baud rate. Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific Fosc. If you specify the unsupported baud rate, compiler will report an error.

Requires

You need PIC MCU with hardware UART.

UARTx_Init needs to be called before using other functions from UART Library.

Parameters :

  • baud_rate: requested baud rate

Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific Fosc.

Note : Calculation of the UART baud rate value is carried out by the compiler, as it would produce a relatively large code if performed on the library level.
Therefore, compiler needs to know the value of the parameter in the compile time. That is why this parameter needs to be a constant, and not a variable.
Example

UARTx_Data_Ready

Prototype

char UARTx_Data_Ready();

Returns
  • 1 if data is ready for reading
  • 0 if there is no data in the receive register
Description

Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UARTx_Tx_Idle

Prototype

char UARTx_Tx_Idle();

Returns
  • 1 if the data has been transmitted
  • 0 otherwise
Description

Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example
Pic

UARTx_Read

Prototype

char UARTx_Read();

Returns

Returns the received byte.

Description

Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UARTx_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UARTx_Read_Text

Prototype

void UARTx_Read_Text(char *Output, char *Delimiter, char Attempts);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter output; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter delimiter.

This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found).

Parameters :

  • Output: received text
  • Delimiter: sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string
  • Attempts: defines number of received characters in which Delimiter sequence is expected. If Attempts is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the Delimiter sequence.
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UARTx_Write

Prototype

void UARTx_Write(char data_);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

The function transmits a byte via the UART module.

Parameters :

  • _data: data to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

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UARTx_Write_Text

Prototype

void UARTx_Write_Text(char * UART_text);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated.

Parameters :

  • UART_text: text to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UART_Set_Active

Prototype

void UART_Set_Active(char (*read_ptr)(), void (*write_ptr)(unsigned char data_), char (*ready_ptr)(), char (*tx_idle_ptr)())

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sets active UART module which will be used by the UART library routines.

Parameters :

  • read_ptr:UARTx_Read handler
  • write_ptr:UARTx_Write handler
  • ready_ptr:UARTx_Data_Ready handler
  • tx_idle_ptr:UARTx_Tx_Idle handler
Requires

Routine is available only for MCUs with two UART modules.

Used UART module must be initialized before using this routine. See UARTx_Init routine

Example

UART_Data_Ready

Prototype

char UART_Data_Ready();

Returns
  • 1 if data is ready for reading
  • 0 if there is no data in the receive register
Description

Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example
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UART_Tx_Idle

Prototype

char UART_Tx_Idle();

Returns
  • 1 if the data has been transmitted
  • 0 otherwise
Description

Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UART_Read

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Prototype

char UART_Read();

Returns

Returns the received byte.

Description

Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UART_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example
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UART_Read_Text

Prototype

void UART_Read_Text(char *Output, char *Delimiter, char Attempts);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter output; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter delimiter.

This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found).

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • Output: received text
  • Delimiter: sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string
  • Attempts: defines number of received characters in which Delimiter sequence is expected. If Attempts is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the Delimiter sequence.
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

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UART_Write

Prototype

void UART_Write(char data_);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

The function transmits a byte via the UART module.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • _data: data to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example
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UART_Write_Text

Prototype

void UART_Write_Text(char * UART_text);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • UART_text: text to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

Library Example

The example demonstrates a simple data exchange via UART. When PIC MCU receives data, it immediately sends it back. If PIC is connected to the PC (see the figure below), you can test the example from the mikroC PRO for PIC terminal for RS-232 communication, menu choice Tools › Terminal.

HW Connection

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RS-232 HW connection

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